ABSTRACT Historically, and in the aggravating climate change scenario, droughts are increasingly severe in arid and semi-arid regions, limiting the use of irrigation. As an alternative for these regions, brackish waters have been used, despite the severe risks of soil salinization, as well as losses in crop production and quality. Thus, the adoption of adequate technologies should mitigate or control the impacts caused by salt stress. Therefore, in the present study two experiments were conducted to evaluate the cultivation of cauliflower with brackish waters using a nutrient film technique (NFT) hydroponic system from July to October 2019 (winter-spring) and from October 2019 to January 2020 (spring-summer). Cauliflower plants were subjected to six values of ECw: 0.3 - control (without NaCl), 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, and 5.5 dS m-1 (with NaCl), in a randomized block design with six replicates. For the leaf blade area at inflorescence harvest, reductions per dS m-1 increment in ECw of 7.22 and 6.41% were found in the winter-spring and spring-summer experiments, respectively. The quality losses of cauliflower inflorescences were more pronounced in the spring-summer experiment, varying according to the ECw used. Therefore, it is possible to grow cauliflower hydroponically under ECw of up to 5.5 dS m-1; however, in the hottest seasons these waters should be reserved and used only for the preparation of nutrient solutions or replacement of water consumed by plants.

RESUMO Historicamente e com o agravamento das mudanças climáticas, nas regiões áridas e semiáridas as secas são cada vez mais severas, limitando-se o uso da irrigação nas culturas. Como solução para essas regiões, as águas salobras têm sido utilizadas, mesmo sabendo-se dos graves riscos de salinização dos solos, bem como das perdas de produção e qualidade dos produtos colhidos. Assim, a adoção de tecnologias adequadas deve mitigar ou controlar os impactos causados pelo estresse salino. Portanto, no presente estudo foram realizados dois experimentos visando avaliar o cultivo da couve-flor com águas salobras usando o sistema hidropônico NFT (técnica do fluxo laminar de nutrientes) entre julho e outubro de 2019 (inverno-primavera) e outubro de 2019 e janeiro de 2020 (primavera-verão). As plantas foram submetidas a seis valores de CEa: 0,3 - controle (sem NaCl); 1,5; 2,5; 3,5; 4,5 e 5,5 dS m-1 (preparadas com NaCl), no delineamento em blocos casualizados com seis repetições. Na colheita das inflorescências foram encontradas reduções por dS m-1 de incremento na CEa de 7,22 e 6,41% para a área do limbo foliar nos experimentos de inverno-primavera e primavera-verão, respectivamente. As perdas de qualidade das inflorescências da couve-flor foram mais acentuadas no experimento da primavera-verão, variando de acordo com a CEa usada. Portanto, é possível o cultivo da couve-flor sob CEa de até 5,5 dS m-1; porém, nas estações mais quentes essas águas devem ser reservadas e usadas apenas para o preparo das soluções nutritivas ou para reposição do consumo hídrico das plantas.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to examine the effects of replacement of an antibiotic (ANT, chlorohydroxyquinoline) in the diet of weaned piglets with a prebiotic composed of β-glucans, glucomannans, and mannan-oligosaccharides on growth performance, diarrhea occurrence (DO), hematological parameters, pH of digestive content, organ weights, intestinal epithelium morphology, and intestinal bacterial counts. A total of 120 piglets (weaned at 21 d old; 6.32±0.10 kg BW) were allocated in a randomized block design, with six pens replicates and four piglets per pen as experimental unit. Treatments consisted of diets with 0, 1,000, 2,000, or 3,000 mg kg−1 of prebiotic and a basal diet with 120 mg kg−1 ANT. No differences of treatments were observed on performance, DO, pH of digestive content, organ weights, and hematological parameters. Duodenal villus density (VD) increased linearly with the prebiotic levels. In the jejunum, the prebiotic level of 2,000 mg kg−1 resulted in a greater VD compared with the ANT. Enterobacteriaceae count in the ileum and total and lactic acid bacteria counts in the cecum responded quadratically to increasing prebiotic levels. The equations estimated the prebiotic levels of 2,125, 1,167, and 1,500 mg kg−1 to provide reduced counts of the respective bacteria (ileal enterobacteria: 6.47 log CFU g−1; total cecal bacteria: 6.70 log CFU g−1; and cecal lactic acid: 7.29 log CFU g−1). Salmonella spp. was not detected, whereas Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus spp. gene copies were unaffected by the treatments. Prebiotic levels or ANT do not enhance performance or health of weanling pigs, but the effects observed on VD and microbiota profile might be an indication of the potential benefits of these products in commercial farming conditions.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients diagnosed with spinal fractures treated at Hospital Regional de São José Dr. Homero de Miranda Gomes (HRSJ), from the municipality of São José/SC, from March 2020 to March 2021. Methods: An observational study was carried out with a cross-sectional design and analysis of secondary data obtained by reviewing electronic medical records of patients diagnosed with spinal fractures treated during the study period. Associations of categorical variables were tested using Pearson’s chi-square test. The statistical significance level adopted was 5% (p<0.05). Results: 173 individuals participated in the study. There was a predominance of males, with 120 (70.5%) cases. The most frequent trauma was falling from a height (43.4%), followed by trauma from traffic accidents (37.6%). In the AO Classification, A1 was attributed in 35.8% of the cases, and the Frankel Scale had mostly E (90.8%). The approach to fractures was predominantly conservative (70.5%). The most injuries were in the lumbar spine (93). Conclusion: The risk group for spine fractures consists of young men, with a predominance of falls as a mechanism of trauma and lumbar involvement. It is necessary to establish preventive measures aimed at the public at risk. Since spine fractures are important determinants of morbidity and mortality in the population. Level of Evidence II; Type of study: Prognostic study.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar el perfil clínico y epidemiológico de los pacientes con diagnóstico de fractura de columna atendidos en el Hospital Regional de São José Dr. Homero de Miranda Gomes (HRSJ), del municipio de São José/SC, de marzo de 2020 a marzo de 2021. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional con diseño transversal y análisis de datos secundarios obtenidos a través de la revisión de historias clínicas electrónicas de pacientes con diagnóstico de fractura de columna atendidos durante el periodo de estudio. Las asociaciones de variables categóricas se probaron mediante la prueba de chi-cuadrado de Pearson. El nivel de significancia estadística adoptado fue del 5% (p<0,05). Resultados: 173 personas participaron en el estudio. Hubo predominio del sexo masculino con 120 (70,5%) de los casos. El traumatismo más frecuente fue la caída de altura (43,4%), seguido del traumatismo por accidente de tráfico (37,6%). En la Clasificación AO se atribuyó A1 en el 35,8% de los casos y la Escala de Frankel tuvo mayoritariamente E (90,8%). El abordaje de las fracturas fue predominantemente conservador (70,5%). La mayoría de las lesiones fueron en la columna lumbar (93). Conclusión: El grupo de riesgo para las fracturas de columna está formado por hombres jóvenes, con predominio de caídas como mecanismo de traumatismo y afectación lumbar. Es necesario establecer medidas preventivas dirigidas al público en riesgo. Nivel de Evidencia II; Tipo de estudio: Estudio pronóstico.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o perfil clínico e epidemiológico dos pacientes com diagnóstico de fratura de coluna atendidos no Hospital Regional de São José Dr. Homero de Miranda Gomes (HRSJ), do município de São José/SC, no período de março de 2020 a março de 2021. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo observacional com delineamento transversal e análise de dados secundários obtidos por meio da revisão de prontuários eletrônicos, dos pacientes com diagnóstico de fratura de coluna atendidos no período de estudo. As associações das variáveis categóricas foram testadas pelo teste de Qui-quadrado de Pearson. O nível de significância estatística adotado foi de 5% (valor de p<0,05). Resultados: Participaram do estudo 173 indivíduos. Obteve-se predomínio do sexo masculino com 120 (70,5%) dos casos. O trauma mais frequente foi o de queda de altura (43,4%), seguido por traumas provenientes de acidentes de trânsito (37,6%). Na Classificação AO, a A1 foi atribuída em 35,8% dos casos e a Escala de Frankel teve em sua maioria E (90,8%). A abordagem das fraturas teve predomínio por conduta conservadora (70,5%). Os maiores acometimentos de lesão foram em coluna lombar (93). Conclusão: O grupo de risco para fraturas de coluna constitui-se por homens jovens, com predomínio de quedas como mecanismo de traumas e acometimento lombar. É necessário que se estabeleçam medidas de prevenção voltadas para o público de risco. Nível de Evidência II; Tipo de estudo: Estudo prognóstico.

Abstract Objective To determine how many patients underwent screening for diabetes mellitus (DM) in the puerperium after a diagnosis of gestational DM (GDM) and which factors were related to its performance. Methods The present is a prospective cohort study with 175 women with a diagnosis of GDM. Sociodemographic and clinico-obstetric data were collected through a questionnaire and a screening test for DM was requested six weeks postpartum. After ten weeks, the researchers contacted the patients by telephone with questions about the performance of the screening. The categorical variables were expressed as absolute and relative frequencies. The measure of association was the relative risk with a 95% confidence interval (95%CI), and values of p ≤ 0.05 were considered statistically significant and tested through logistic regression. Results The survey was completed by 159 patients, 32 (20.1%) of whom underwent puerperal screening. The mean age of the sample was of 30.7 years, and most patients were white (57.9%), married (56.6%), and had had 8 or more years of schooling (72.3%). About 22.6% of the patients used medications to treat GDM, 30.8% had other comorbidities, and 76.7% attended the postnatal appointment. Attendance at the postpartum appointment, the use of medication, and the presence of comorbidities showed an association with the performance of the oral glucose tolerance test in the puerperium. Conclusion The prevalence of screening for DM six weeks postpartum is low in women previously diagnosed with GDM. Patients who attended the postpartum consultation, used medications to treat GDM, and had comorbidities were the most adherent to the puerperal screening. We need strategies to increase the rate of performance of this exam.

Resumo Objetivo Determinar quantas pacientes realizaram o rastreamento puerperal para diabetes mellitus (DM) após diagnóstico de DM gestacional (DMG) e quais fatores estão relacionados com a sua realização. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo com uma coorte prospectiva de 175 puérperas com diagnóstico de DMG. Informações sociodemográficas e clinico-obstétricas foram coletadas por meio de questionário, e solicitou-se a realização do rastreamento para DM às seis semanas de pós-parto. Após dez semanas, os pesquisadores contataram as pacientes por telefone com questões sobre a realização do rastreamento. As variáveis categóricas foram expressas em termos de frequências absoluta e relativa. A medida de associação foi o risco relativo com intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%), e valores de p ≤ 0,05 foram considerados estatisticamente significativos e testados por regressão logística. Resultados A pesquisa foi concluída por 159 pacientes, 32 (20,1%) das quais fizeram o rastreamento puerperal. A idade média da amostra foi de 30,7 anos, e a maioria das pacientes eram brancas (57,9%), casadas (56,6%) e tinham 8 ou mais anos de escolaridade (72,3%). Cerca de 22,6% utilizaram medicações para tratamento da DMG, 30,8% eram portadoras de outras comorbidades, e 76,7% compareceram na consulta pós-natal. O comparecimento na consulta pós-parto, a utilização de medicamentos e a presença de comorbidades demonstraram associação com a realização do teste oral de tolerância à glicose no puerpério. Conclusão O rastreamento de DM após seis semanas de puerpério é baixo em mulheres com diagnóstico prévio de DMG. Pacientes que compareceram na consulta pós-parto, utilizaram medicações para tratamento da DMG, e eram portadoras de comorbidades foram as mais aderentes à realização do rastreamento puerperal. Necessitamos de estratégias para aumentar a abrangência da realização desse exame.

RESUMO Determinar as necessidades adequadas de água para as culturas agrícolas associada à quantidade ideal de palhada verde no solo é uma das questões mais discutidas pelos produtores de cana-de-açúcar. Nesse contexto, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar diferentes quantidades de resíduos da palhada da cana-de-açúcar (GCTB) e diferentes cenários de reposição da evapotranspiração sobre a produtividade da cana-de-açúcar nas principais regiões produtoras do Brasil usando o simulador de sistemas de produção agrícola (APSIM). O simulador de sistemas de produção agrícola para a cana-de-açúcar (APSIM-sugar) foi parametrizado e validado para a cana-de-açúcar no Brasil, em comparação com a manutenção de 100% da GCTB e solo descoberto, ambos totalmente irrigados. Após a validação através dos dados de campo, o modelo APSIM foi utilizado para simular 25 cenários diferentes (quantidade de GCTB e demanda de irrigação) considerando doze regiões do Brasil por 30 anos para estimar a produtividade de colmos. No geral, os dados modelados e de campo tiveram forte concordância com a umidade do solo e as variáveis biométricas e fisiológicas, alcançando uma forte eficiência de modelagem. Para a maioria das regiões produtoras do Brasil, a interação entre os tratamentos não aumenta a produtividade de colmos significativamente, e até 50% reposição da evapotranspiração resultou nas maiores taxas de aumento de colmos, com o maior incremento entre 0 e 25% com uma média de 30 Mg ha-1 por ano. A quantidade recomendada de palhada deixada sobre o solo é de no mínimo 5,50 Mg ha-1, levando em consideração o dilema entre a conservação do solo e a necessidade de geração de biocombustíveis.

ABSTRACT Determining the proper crop water requirement associated with the optimum amount of green cane trash blanket (GCTB) on the soil is one of the most discussed issues for sugarcane growers. In this context, this research aimed to evaluate the effects of different amounts of GCTB and ETc replacement scenarios on sugarcane yields across key producing regions in Brazil using the agricultural production systems simulator (APSIM). The sugarcane APSIM (APSIM-Sugar) was parameterized and validated for sugarcane in Brazil, compared to both 100% GCTB cover and bare soil, both fully irrigated. After validation through field data, the APSIM-Sugar model was used to simulate 25 different scenarios with varying GCTB amounts and irrigation demands in 12 regions of Brazil for a 30-year period to estimate stalk yield. Overall, modeled and field data agreed very well regarding soil moisture and biometric and physiological variables, achieving strong modeling efficiency. For most producing regions of Brazil, interaction between the factors did not increase stalk yield significantly, and up to 50% of ETc replacement resulted in the highest increases in stalk yield, with the greatest improvement between 0-25%, producing an average increase of 30 Mg ha-1 per year. The recommended amount of GCTB is at least 5.50 Mg ha-1, taking into account soil health and the need for biofuel generation.

RESUMO Subluxação atlantoaxial traumática é uma condição de diagnóstico raro e subestimado, devido a sua alta taxa – descrita entre 60% e 80% – de mortalidade precoce. Seu diagnóstico leva em conta o mecanismo do trauma, as análises precisas dos exames de imagem e a apresentação clínica do paciente. Este artigo relata um quadro raro de subluxação atlantoaxial associada à luxação craniocervical como um caso de síndrome do encarceramento. Nível de evidência V; Estudo observacional retrospectivo – Relato de caso.

ABSTRACT Traumatic atlanto-axial subluxation is a rare and underdiagnosed condition due to its high rate – reported to be between 60 and 80% – of early mortality. Its diagnosis takes into account the trauma mechanism, precise analyses of the imaging tests and the clinical presentation of the patient. This article describes a rare presentation of atlanto-axial subluxation associated with craniocervical dislocation as a case of locked-in syndrome. Level of evidence V; Retrospective observational study – Case report.

RESUMEN La subluxación atlantoaxoidea traumática es una afección rara y subdiagnosticada debido a su alta tasa - descrita entre el 60 y el 80%-de mortalidad temprana. Su diagnóstico tiene en cuenta el mecanismo del traumatismo, los análisis de imagen precisos y la presentación clínica del paciente. Este artículo informa de una rara condición de subluxación atloaxoidea asociada a una dislocación craniocervical como un caso de síndrome de enclaustramiento. Nivel de evidencia V; Estudio observacional retrospectivo – Informe de caso.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to assess the addition of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) to diets on the count of bacterial populations, pH of digestive organ contents, histopathological description, proinflammatory markers, hepatic glycogen reserve, and diarrhoea incidence of piglets challenged with Escherichia coli. Sixty-four crossbred piglets (7.16±0.28 kg body weight, 25-days-old) were assigned to four treatments in a completely randomised block design: negative control (NC), NC + antibiotic (ANT), NC + 15 mg IAP, or NC + 30 mg IAP kg−1 of diet, eight replications of two piglets per experimental unit. All piglets were orally challenged with 6 mL of a solution containing enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 at 106 CFU mL−1 at 15 days of experimentation. The study lasted for 19 days. At the end of the experimental period, the piglets were slaughtered (six animals per treatment). Enterobacteriaceae in caecum and colon was lower in piglets on 30 mg IAP than with ANT and NC, ANT or 15 mg IAP, respectively. Enterobacteriaceae adhered to the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) was greater in piglets fed ANT than the other treatments. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) count in caecum was greater in piglets fed NC and ANT. In MLN, LAB count was greater in ANT and 30 mg IAP-fed piglets compared with 15 mg IAP. Piglets in 30 mg IAP in diet showed a tendency for lowering tissue necrosis compared with NC or ANT. Piglets fed 30 mg IAP showed a reduction in diarrhoea incidence in the pre- and post-challenge compared with 15 mg IAP and all other treatments, respectively. Based on the criteria, addition of 30 mg IAP to diet inhibits Enterobacteriaceae population and suggests a potential effect in mitigating intestinal injuries, as observed in piglets in the NC for some of the parameters investigated.

Abstract Background Sex-specific pathology of coronary artery disease (CAD) has not been recognized. Women with obstructive or nonobstructive CAD associated with traditional risk factors have similar events; no studies have explored both populations in association with genetic markers. Objective To evaluate the DD genotype in overweight menopausal women and its association with CAD and traditional risk factors. Method This cross-sectional study included 356 menopausal women who underwent coronary angiography as CAD assessment. The patients’ DNA was extracted and polymorphisms were detected with a single polymerase chain reaction assay. Two groups were formed based on luminal lesions (normal [n = 134] or pathological [n = 222]) with a cutoff value > 30%, considering overweight and age. The chi-square test, Student’s t-test, and multivariate logistic regression were performed as appropriate (p < 0.05) using the following variables: overweight, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking status, sedentary lifestyle, and a family history of CAD. Results The mean age of the sample was 63 + 8 years, and the mean BMI was 28 + 5 kg/m2. The DD genotype was slightly more prevalent in the pathological group (30.2% vs. 21.6%, p = 0.079), but this significantly changed when BMI > 25 was considered (33% vs. 18%, p = 0.012). In multivariate analysis with two threshold levels (> 50 and > 60 years), diabetes was significantly associated with CAD in both models (p = 0.021 vs. 0.009) but the genotype was only associated with younger age (p = 0.034). Conclusion These data support an association between atherosclerosis and the renin–angiotensin system in overweight menopausal women that is dependent on the age at which the ischemic event occurs.

Abstract Mechanical ventilation in prone position is an alternative strategy for patients with acute respiratory discomfort syndrome (ARDS) to improve oxygenation in situations when traditional ventilation modalities have failed. However, due to the significant increase in ARDS cases during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the experimental therapeutic use of potentially arrhythmogenic drugs, cardiopulmonary resuscitation in this unusual position could be needed. Therefore, we will review the available scientific evidence of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in prone position.

Abstract Smart film from jackfruit seeds containing anthocyanin extract has potential application as a freshness indicator of fish as they deteriorate, changing the color as a function of the product pH. The lower solubility percentage of the films was evidenced by the lower anthocyanin extract volume. The films presented mean water vapour permeability values of 3.034 g.mm/kPa.h.m2. The starch/anthocyanin film (ST4.0:AN5.0) showed higher tensile strength, while ST2.4:AN5.0 and ST3.0:AN5.3 showed lower resistance. A small change in color in the films was evidenced after 48 hours, and fish (FF10) presented a blue color after 146 hours with a reduction in a* values. Shrimp (SF10) presented negative b* values and grayish color. The indicator film provides an alternative for a convenient, non-destructive and easy-to-view method, as well as informing consumers about the quality of the packaged product. The indicator function of the film was positive, suggesting the potential use of industry co-products in developing smart food freshness indicator packaging.

ABSTRACT: Elephantopus mollis, popularly known as elephant paw or sussuaiá, is a species that has recently emerged as a weed affecting grain crops. This study aimed to evaluate the differential sensitivity of biotypes of E. mollis obtained from agricultural and nonagricultural areas and to determine the best combinations of herbicides applied at different stages of development for controlling this species. Three experiments were conducted. In the differential sensitivity experiment, 10 herbicides were used in 2 biotypes in 2 stages of development. The dose-response experiment was conducted using 8 doses of 7 herbicides. The field experiment was conducted in an area with weed issues to validate the results of previous experiments. The biotype from the agricultural area showed lower sensitivity to herbicides than the biotype from the nonagricultural area. The contact herbicides initially presented better control; however, the weed shortly showed re-growth due to the presence of buds in the plant crown. Isolated application of 2.4-D amine at doses between 1005 and 1675 g a.e. ha−1 demonstrated 25% control. When 2,4-D amine was followed by paraquat application (400 g a.i. ha−1), the control observed was between 51% and 68%. The best treatment for the control of completely developed weeds is 2,4-D amine + glyphosate mixture (1340 + 1080 g a.e. ha−1), followed by sequential paraquat application.

RESUMO: Popularmente conhecida como pata de elefante ou sussuaiá, Elephantopus mollis, é uma espécie que recentemente surgiu como uma planta daninha em lavouras de cultivos de grãos. Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar a sensibilidade diferencial de biótipos de E. mollis oriundos de áreas agrícolas e não agrícolas e determinar as melhores combinações de herbicidas aplicados em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento para o controle desta espécie. Foram realizados três experimentos. No experimento de sensibilidade diferencial foram utilizados dez herbicidas em dois biótipos em duas fases de desenvolvimento. O experimento de dose resposta foi conduzido com oito doses de sete herbicidas. O experimento a campo foi realizado em uma área que apresenta problemas com a planta daninha para validar os resultados dos experimentos anteriores. O biótipo oriundo de área agrícola apresentou menor sensibilidade aos herbicidas quando comparado ao biótipo oriundo de área não agrícola. Os herbicidas de contato inicialmente apresentam controle superior, mas logo a planta apresenta rebrote em função de gemas presentes no colo da planta. A aplicação isolada de 2,4-D com doses entre 1005 e 1675 g e.a ha-1 possui controle de 25%. Quando o 2,4-D é seguido da aplicação de paraquat (400 g i.a ha-1) o controle passa a ser entre 51 e 68%. O melhor tratamento para o controle de plantas desenvolvidas é a mistura de 2,4-D + glyphosate (1340 + 1080 g e.a ha-1) com aplicação sequencial de paraquat.

Abstract In an underground mine, the ventilation is responsible for 25% to 50% of its electrical energy consumption. In countries such as South Africa, United States and Canada researchers have started to achieve a significant reduction in energy consumption without neglecting aspects of the quantity and quality of air required for the best performance of the system, in compliance with safety standards and worker comfort. In Brazil, on demand this ventilation application began in 2013 at the Ipueira mine (Bahia, controlled by Ferbasa company), and was soon after applied by the Cuiabá, Córrego do Sitio I and Lamego mines; all three mines administered by Anglo Gold Ashanti. Each mine adopted frequency inverters for the main ventilation, whereby the fan rotation is adjusted according to demand and speed drivers. This measure resulted in the saving of thousands of reais, since the flow is proportional to the velocity, the pressure is proportional to the square of the velocity, and the power is proportional to the cubed velocity. Therefore, a reduction of 20% in the flow will save about 50% of the energy required. The Cuiabá mine presents the most modern and automated system in the country. The fans are controlled and monitored through a control room. In addition, sensors scattered in the mine, control the required flow rate. The Lamego mine has a similar but simpler system. This article proposes to discuss the application and improvement of the process of ventilation on demand in Brazilian mines where this system is applied.

RESUMO O Semiárido brasileiro é historicamente caracterizado pela escassez de recursos hídricos de boa qualidade. Nessa região há uma grande disponibilidade de água de reservas subterrâneas, no entanto, apresentam elevadas concentrações de sais, que as tornam inapropriadas para irrigação da maioria das culturas. Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar o crescimento, a produção e a tolerância à salinidade de três cultivares de couve-flor em hidroponia NFT (Nutrient Film Technique), submetidas a diferentes condutividades elétricas da solução nutritiva (CEsol) preparadas com águas salinizadas. O experimento foi conduzido em blocos casualizados em parcelas subdivididas, com seis repetições. As plantas foram submetidas a seis níveis de CEsol (1,94 - controle; 3,24; 4,10; 5,04; 5,92 e 7,01 dS m-1) nas parcelas principais, com três cultivares de couve-flor (‘Piracicaba de Verão’, ‘Sabrina’ e ‘SF1758’) nas subparcelas, quando foram cultivadas no mesmo canal hidropônico. Avaliaram-se o crescimento vegetativo, a produção de inflorescências e a tolerância à salinidade das cultivares. De maneira geral, com exceção do número de folhas, largura foliar e as massas de matéria fresca das folhas e da parte aérea, os diferentes níveis de CEsol influenciaram negativamente o crescimento vegetativo e o rendimento das inflorescências das cultivares da couve-flor. As cultivares ‘Piracicaba de Verão’ e ‘Sabrina’ foram consideradas moderadamente sensíveis à salinidade, enquanto a cultivar ‘SF1758’ foi moderadamente tolerante à salinidade.

ABSTRACT The Brazilian semiarid is historically characterized by the water scarcity of good-quality. In this region there is great availability of groundwater reserves, however, these waters has high concentrations of dissolved salts, that makes them inappropriate to be used in the irrigation of most crops. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth, production and salinity tolerance of three cauliflower cultivars in hydroponics NFT (Nutrient Film Technique), subjected to different electrical conductivities of the nutrient solution (ECsol) prepared with saline water. The experiment was carried out in a randomized blocks design in split-plot, with six replications. The plants were subjected to six levels of ECsol (1.94 - control, 3.24, 4.10, 5.04, 5.92 and 7.01 dS m-1) in the main plots, with three cauliflower cultivars (‘Piracicaba de Verão’, ‘Sabrina’ and ‘SF1758’) in the subplots, which were grown in the same hydroponic channel. Vegetative growth, inflorescence production and salinity tolerance of cultivars were evaluated. In general, except for the number of leaves, leaf width and fresh matters of leaves and shoot, the different ECsol levels negatively influenced the vegetative growth and inflorescences yield of cultivars cauliflower. The cultivars ‘Piracicaba de Verão’ and ‘Sabrina’ were considered moderately sensitive to salinity, while cultivar ‘SF1758’ was moderately tolerant to salinity.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the effects of zinc oxide and a low level of encapsulated zinc oxide, with or without dietary fiber, on the performance and intestinal health of weaned piglets. A total of 112 piglets were used, divided into four treatment groups: basal diet with zinc oxide (ZnO); basal diet with zinc oxide and dietary fiber (ZnO+DF); basal diet with encapsulated low zinc oxide (LZnOE); and basal diet with LZnOE and DF (LZnOE+DF). Piglets were challenged with E . coli K88 + , weighed weekly and the fecal score was evaluated daily. One pig per pen was slaughtered to evaluate the production of volatile fatty acids, intestinal microbial populations, intestinal morphology, and digestibility. The encapsulated zinc resulted in lower body weight and average daily gain, but, when associated with dietary fiber, had similar results to zinc oxide. Until 49 days of age, zinc oxide reduced diarrhoea ( p < 0.05). At 63 days of age the piglets subjected to LZnOE+DF treatment had lower diarrhoea than the pigs subjected to LZnOE treatment but higher than the ZnO and the ZnO+DF groups. Final weight and incidence of diarrhoea of pigs receiving LZnOE was worse than ZnO. LZnOE associated with DF provided the same final weight of piglets from the ZnO group.